Shape Fusion
CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS:
African Mango Extract (Irvingia gabonensis) (seed)
IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the West African plant Irvingia gabonensis, significantly reduces body weight and improves metabolic parameters in overweight humans in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled investigation
Abstract
Background: A recent in vitro study indicates that IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the traditional West African food plant Irvingia gabonensis, favorably impacts adipogenesis through a variety of critical metabolic pathways including PPAR gamma, leptin, adiponectin, and glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the effects of IGOB131, an extract of Irvingia gabonensis, on body weight and associated metabolic parameters in overweight human volunteers.
Methods: The study participants comprised of 102 healthy, overweight and/or obese volunteers (defined as BMI > 25 kg/m2) randomly divided into two groups. The groups received on a daily basis, either 150 mg of IGOB131 or matching placebo in a double blinded fashion, 30-60 minutes before lunch and dinner. At baseline, 4, 8, and 10 weeks of the study, subjects were evaluated for changes in anthropometrics and metabolic parameters to include fasting lipids, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and leptin.
Results: Significant improvements in body weight, body fat, and waist circumference as well as plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and leptin levels were observed in the IGOB131 group compared with the placebo group.
Conclusion: Irvingia gabonensis administered 150 mg twice daily before meals to overweight and/or obese human volunteers favorably impacts body weight and a variety of parameters characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. This is the first double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial regarding the anti-obesity and lipid profile modulating effects of an Irvingia gabonensis extract. The positive clinical results, together with our previously published mechanisms of gene expression modulation related to key metabolic pathways in lipid metabolism, provide impetus for much larger clinical studies. Irvingia gabonensis extract may prove to be a useful tool in dealing with the emerging global epidemics of obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and their co-morbid conditions.
Source: Ngondi, J. L., Etoundi, B. C., Nyangono, C. B., Mbofung, C. M., Oben, J. E. IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the West African plant Irvingia gabonensis, significantly reduces body weight and improves metabolic parameters in overweight humans in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled investigation. Lipids in Health and Disease (2009), 8, 7.
The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in Cameroon
Abstract
Dietary fibres are frequently used for the treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Irvingia gabonensis seeds in the management of obesity. This was carried out as a double-blind randomised study involving 40 subjects (mean age 42.4 years). Twenty-eight subjects received Irvingia gabonensis (IG) (1.05 g three times a day for one month) while 12 were on placebo (P) and the same schedule. During the one-month study period all subjects were on a normocaloric diet evaluated every week by a dietetic record book. At the end, the mean body weight of the IG group was decreased by 5.26 ± 2.37% (p < 0.0001) and that of the placebo group by 1.32 ± 0.41% (p < 0.02). The difference observed between the IG and the placebo groups was significant (p < 0.01). The obese patients under Irvingia gabonensis treatment also had a significant decrease of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and an increase of HDL-cholesterol. On the other hand, the placebo group did not manifest any changes in blood lipid components. Irvingia gabonensis seed may find application in weight loss.
Source: Ngondi, J. L., Oben, J. E., Minka, S. R. The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in Cameroon. Lipids in Health and Disease (2005), 4, 12.
Yestein TM Yeast Protein (From Saccharomyces Cerevisiae)
Low Dose Yeast Hydrolysate in Treatment of Obesity and Weight Loss
Abstract
The anti-obesity effects of yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplementation (1.0 g/d) have already been demonstrated. We investigated whether a low dose of YH (0.5 g/d, YH-500) also has the anti-obesity effects. Thirty obese women were randomly assigned to the control or YH-500 groups. After 8 weeks, weight and body mass index were significantly reduced by the YH treatment (0.5 g/d) (P<0.05). The YH-500 group lost a significant amount of body fat after the 8-week treatment: fat mass 25.9 kg (baseline) versus 23.8 kg (8th week), P<0.01; fat mass ratio 38.8% (baseline) versus 36.5% (8th week), P<0.05. The YH-500 group showed a significant reduction in calorie intake during the 8-week treatment (P<0.001). The control group wanted to eat much more food (P<0.05) and sometimes thought about eating more often compared with the YH-500 group (P<0.05). Whereas the control group showed a slightly increased sweet preference, the YH-500 group showed a significant reduction in sweet preference (P<0.05). In conclusion, low dose YH supplementation (0.5 g/d) may induce a reduction in weight and body fat in obese women via the reduction of calorie intake.
Source: Jung, E. Y., Lee, J. W., Hong, Y. H., Chang, U. J., Suh, H. J. Low Dose Yeast Hydrolysate in Treatment of Obesity and Weight Loss. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science (2017), 22(1), 45-49.
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) antigen in obese and normal weight subjects
Abstract
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell wall components have been used as one of the alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in the feed industry. Antibodies to cell wall mannan of this yeast (ASCA) have been traditionally used in the study of Crohn's disease (CD). We applied ASCA in relation to obesity. This study aims (i) to determine the concentration of ASCA (immunoglobulin A [IgA] and immunoglobulin G [IgG]) in obese compared with normal weight individuals and (ii) to determine if there is a correlation between ASCA concentrations, obesity indices and C-reactive protein. Forty obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] > 35 kg m(-2) ) and 18 healthy (BMI < 25 kg m(-2) ) volunteers participated in this case-control study. Binding activity of serum IgA and IgG to the cell wall mannan of S. cerevisiae was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. More than one-third of the obese individual (35%) showed elevated titres of ASCA compared with the control group (5%). This antibody was positively associated with weight (P = 0.01), BMI (P = 0.02) and waist circumference (P = 0.02), but not with C-reactive protein. It seems that ASCA are not only specific for CD but are also associated with obesity. S. cerevisiae or a related antigen may play a role in the matrix of this complex condition.
Source: Salamati S, Martins C, Kulseng B. Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) antigen in obese and normal weight subjects. Clin Obes. 2015 Feb;5(1):42-7. doi: 10.1111/cob.12079. Epub 2014 Nov 18. PMID: 25611585.
Insoluble yeast β-glucan attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that insoluble dietary fiber prevents obesity by regulating gut dysbiosis. However, whether insoluble yeast β-glucan (IYG) has an anti-obesity effect is still unclear. Here, the impact and potential mechanism of long-term IYG supplementation on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity were investigated. After 24 weeks of long-term supplementation, IYG ameliorated weight gain, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in HFD-fed rats. In addition, HFD-induced gut dysbiosis and changed levels of short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide were restored by IYG. Meanwhile, HFD-induced downregulations of tight junction proteins and Mucin 2 as well as elevated gut permeability were recovered by IYG. IYG also mitigated HFD-induced colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, antibiotic treatment abrogated the protective effect of IYG on obesity, indicating the important role of gut microbiota in IYG's effect. This study demonstrated that IYG, as a potential prebiotic, exhibited a protective effect on HFD-induced obesity.
Source: Mo X, Sun Y, Liang X, Li L, Hu S, Xu Z, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu L. Insoluble yeast β-glucan attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Apr 1;281:119046. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119046. Epub 2022 Jan 4. PMID: 35074119.
Yeast Vps55p, a functional homolog of human obesity receptor gene-related protein, is involved in late endosome to vacuole trafficking
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae VPS55 (YJR044c) gene encodes a small protein of 140 amino acids with four potential transmembrane domains. VPS55 belongs to a family of genes of unknown function, including the human gene encoding the obesity receptor gene-related protein (OB-RGRP). Yeast cells with a disrupted VPS55 present normal vacuolar morphology, but exhibit an abnormal secretion of the Golgi form of the soluble vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y. However, trafficking of the membrane-bound vacuolar alkaline phosphatase remains normal. The endocytosis of uracil permease, used as an endocytic marker, is normal in vps55Delta cells, but its degradation is delayed and this marker transiently accumulates in late endosomal compartments. We also found that Vps55p is mainly localized in the late endosomes. Collectively, these results indicate that Vps55p is involved in late endosome to vacuole trafficking. Finally, we show that human OB-RGRP displays the same distribution as Vps55p and corrects the phenotypic defects of the vps55Delta strain. Therefore, the function of Vps55p has been conserved throughout evolution. This study highlights the importance of the multispanning Vps55p and OB-RGRP in membrane trafficking to the vacuole/lysosome of eukaryotic cells.
Source: Belgareh-Touzé N, Avaro S, Rouillé Y, Hoflack B, Haguenauer-Tsapis R. Yeast Vps55p, a functional homolog of human obesity receptor gene-related protein, is involved in late endosome to vacuole trafficking. Mol Biol Cell. 2002 May;13(5):1694-708. doi: 10.1091/mbc.01-12-0597. PMID: 12006663; PMCID: PMC111137.
Hibiscus Flower Extract
Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits obesity and fat accumulation, and improves liver steatosis in humans
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a great diversity of diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our previous report suggested that Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (HSE) had a metabolic-regulating and liver-protecting potential. In this study, we performed a clinical trial to further confirm the effect of HSE. Subjects with a BMI ≧ 27 and aged 18-65, were randomly divided into control (n = 17) and HSE-treated (n = 19) groups, respectively, for 12 weeks. Our data showed that consumption of HSE reduced body weight, BMI, body fat and the waist-to-hip ratio. Serum free fatty acid (FFA) was lowered by HSE. Anatomic changes revealed that HSE improved the illness of liver steatosis. Ingestion of HSE was well tolerated and there was no adverse effect during the trial. No alteration was found for serum α-amylase and lipase. The clinical effect should mainly be attributed to the polyphenols of HSE, since composition analysis showed that branched chain-amino acids, which is associated with obesity, is not obviously high. In conclusion, consumption of HSE reduced obesity, abdominal fat, serum FFA and improved liver steatosis. HSE could act as an adjuvant for preventing obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver.
Source: Chang HC, Peng CH, Yeh DM, Kao ES, Wang CJ. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits obesity and fat accumulation, and improves liver steatosis in humans. Food Funct. 2014 Apr;5(4):734-9. doi: 10.1039/c3fo60495k. Epub 2014 Feb 19. PMID: 24549255.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of a Polyphenolic Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects
Abstract
The location and quantity of body fat determine the health risks, limiting people with obesity. Recently, polyphenols have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their potential use for the reduction of obesity. A proprietary formula comprised of a blend of Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa has been recognized for its high content of polyphenols, powerful antioxidant molecules that may prevent weight gain and could be helpful for the treatment of obesity, as proven previously by in vivo models. The aim of the present study is to determine if the supplementation with Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa is useful for the treatment of obesity and/or weight control in subjects without a controlled diet. The intake of the extract for 84 days reduced body weight, the body mass index, and the fat mass measured with both bioimpedance and densitometry. This decrease in fat mass was observed to a greater extent, being significant, in the fat mass of the trunk (chest and torso).
Source: Marhuenda J, Perez S, Victoria-Montesinos D, Abellán MS, Caturla N, Jones J, López-Román J. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects. Foods. 2020 Jan 6;9(1):55. doi: 10.3390/foods9010055. Erratum in: Foods. 2020 Mar 03;9(3): PMID: 31935957; PMCID: PMC7022485.
Ashwagandha (root)
Body Weight Management in Adults Under Chronic Stress Through Treatment With Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Abstract
Chronic stress has been associated with a number of illnesses, including obesity. Ashwagandha is a well-known adaptogen and known for reducing stress and anxiety in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a standardized root extract of Ashwagandha through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 52 subjects under chronic stress received either Ashwagandha (300 mg) or placebo twice daily. Primary efficacy measures were Perceived Stress Scale and Food Cravings Questionnaire. Secondary efficacy measures were Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, serum cortisol, body weight, and body mass index. Each subject was assessed at the start and at 4 and 8 weeks. The treatment with Ashwagandha resulted in significant improvements in primary and secondary measures. Also, the extract was found to be safe and tolerable. The outcome of this study suggests that Ashwagandha root extract can be used for body weight management in adults under chronic stress.
Source: Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Joshi K. Body Weight Management in Adults Under Chronic Stress Through Treatment With Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. (2017);22(1):96-106.
Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis)
A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of an Anthocyanin-Maqui Berry Extract (Delphinol®) on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Abstract
Objective: Berries are a rich source of anthocyanins, and clinical data suggest that a polyphenol-rich diet may exert health-promoting effects by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of dietary supplementation with Delphinol (trademark owned by MNL Chile) standardized maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) extract on products of lipid peroxidation in healthy, overweight, and smoker subjects.
Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 42 participants (age 45-65 years) consumed in random order either a standardized extract of maqui berry (162 mg anthocyanins) or a matched placebo, given 3 times daily for 4 weeks. The samples were collected at baseline, after the end of the supplementation, and 40 days after the end of the study. Primary outcome was the measure of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and F2-isoprostanes in plasma and urine, respectively. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid profile.
Results: Delphinol supplementation was associated with reduced levels of Ox-LDL in the anthocyanin group compared to baseline (p < 0.05). There was also a decrease in urinary F2-isoprostanes (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α) at 4 weeks versus baseline in the Delphinol-supplemented group (p < 0.05). However, no differences in primary outcomes were evident at 40 days of follow-up. In the fourth week of the intervention, no significant differences were noted for anthropometric characteristics, ambulatory blood pressure, and lipid profile.
Conclusions: Our observations suggest that dietary interventions with maqui berry extract may improve oxidative status (Ox-LDL and F2-isoprostanes) in healthy adults, overweight adults, and adult smokers.
Source: Davinelli S, Bertoglio JC, Zarrelli A, Pina R, Scapagnini G. A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of an Anthocyanin-Maqui Berry Extract (Delphinol®) on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. J Am Coll Nutr. 2015;34 Suppl 1:28-33. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1080108. PMID: 26400431.
Ceylon Cinnamon (bark)
Effects of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background and purpose: Studies in animals and humans have reported numerous beneficial effects of cinnamon. However, its hypolipidemic efficacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders is still controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the lipid-regulating effects and safety of cinnamon in a population with MetS and related disorders.
Methods: Studies that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Randomized placebo-controlled trials of cinnamon or its extracts in the treatment of MetS and related metabolic diseases were the main eligibility criteria. The Cochrane Handbook was used to guide the study selection, quality assessment, and data analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 15.0.
Results: Twelve studies involving 773 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results showed that cinnamon could significantly reduce total cholesterol (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.19 mmol/L [-7.34 mg/dL]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24, -0.14 [-9.27, -5.41]), triglyceride (WMD: -0.10 mmol/L [-8.85 mg/dL]; 95% CI: -0.16, -0.04 [-14.16, -3.54]), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -0.16 mmol/L [-6.18 mg/dL]; 95% CI: -0.20, -0.11 [-7.72, -4.25]). In the subgroup analysis, cinnamon did not exhibit a significant effect on lipid profiles in European and American patients. Larger doses of cinnamon tended to exhibit better regulation of lipid profiles and high-dose cinnamon (≥1.5 g/d) significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 0.07 mmol/L [2.70 mg/dL]; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11 [1.16, 4.25]).
Conclusion: The current evidence shows that cinnamon can regulate lipid profiles in patients with metabolic disorders.
Source: Wu T, Huang W, He M, Yue R. Effects of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2022 Nov;49:101625. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101625. Epub 2022 Jun 30. PMID: 35803022.
References:
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19254366/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15916709/#:~:text=The%20obese%20patients%20under%20Irvingia,changes%20in%20blood%20lipid%20components.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5383141/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25611585/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35074119/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12006663/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24549255/#:~:text=Our%20data%20showed%20that%20consumption,adverse%20effect%20during%20the%20trial.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022485/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27055824/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26400431/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35803022/#:~:text=The%20overall%20results%20showed%20that,%5D)%2C%20and%20low%2Ddensity%20lipoprotein